The legal term peace, sometimes king's peace ( Latin pax regis) [1] or queen's peace, is the common-law concept of the maintenance of public order. [2] The concept of the king's peace originated in Anglo-Saxon law, where it initially applied the special protections accorded to the households of the English kings and their retainers. Oct 10, 1998 · On 24 October 1648, the Treaty of Westphalia was signed, marking the end of the Thirty Years' War. Richard Cavendish | Published in History Today Volume 48 Issue 10 October 1998. To continue reading this article you will need to purchase access to the online archive. Buy Online Access Buy Print & Archive Subscription. If you have already ... Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains two key concepts within it: The concept of 'needs', in particular, the essential needs of the world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and Nov 23, 2022 · In the concept note that frames the meeting, the hosts argue that the effects of climate change go beyond their impact on the outbreak and intensity of conflict. They point out that climate change introduces variables that influence the effectiveness of all peace efforts, including the prevention of conflict, peacekeeping, peacebuilding, and ... A second urbanisation took place, which came with the rise of new ascetic movements and religious concepts, including the rise of Jainism and Buddhism. The latter was synthesised with the preexisting religious cultures of the subcontinent, giving rise to Hinduism. Indian cultural influence (Greater India) Timeline of Indian history Nov 10, 2022 · Ongoing and new violent conflicts around the world are derailing the global path to peace and achievement of Goal 16. Alarmingly, the year 2022 witnessed a more than 50 per cent increase in ... Nov 23, 2022 · In the concept note that frames the meeting, the hosts argue that the effects of climate change go beyond their impact on the outbreak and intensity of conflict. They point out that climate change introduces variables that influence the effectiveness of all peace efforts, including the prevention of conflict, peacekeeping, peacebuilding, and ... Affordance Theory Explained. Proposed by James J. Gibson, affordance theory is an examination of how each person visually perceives their environment. Gibson suggests that what people see will lead to a decision that they make. An affordance is a clue within the environment that becomes a trigger for an action to be taken. The UN’s peacekeeping, peacemaking, and peace-building activities have suffered from serious logistical and financial difficulties. As more missions are undertaken, the costs and controversies associated with them have multiplied dramatically. Although the UN reimburses countries for the use of equipment, these payments have been limited ... 3.2 CONCEPTS AND UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES Table 3.1 presents concepts of peace, loosely organized according to whether the concept is integrated within a cultural-religious system, or a secular, cross-cultural concept (which is empirical, abstract, or normative). 6 Not all concepts of peace or variations of those shown can be tabled, 7 but I believe the major ones are included. 8 themselves. This article explores the concepts of peace and security in the context of human development and their various meanings and manifestations at the national and international levels. 2. Peace As an academic discipline, Peace Studies has existed for several decades but only gained relative prominence in the past ten or 15 years. Apr 8, 2020 · The reference dimension of the concept of security turns on the question of whose security must be guaranteed: the nation state’s, the society’s or the individual’s. Here too we see an extension of the concept of security beyond the state as the referent object of security policy. 2.3.1 From State Security to Social and Individual Security The quest to define peace as a concept and set of values is as old as recorded history. The concept of peace was first introduced into academic literature by the Norwegian pioneer of peace research Johan Galtung, who distinguished between two types of peace: positive peace and negative peace. Western concepts of peace originate in 1) the Ancient Judaism concept of shalom, 2) the Greek concept of eirene, and 3) the Roman concept of pax. Here the most common elements are prosperity and order where order refers primarily to rule of law. The Easter concepts of peace emphasize order and tranquility of mind. Oct 25, 2021 · Footnote 25 This concept of peace includes, inter alia, respect for human rights protection, provision of social justice, and the elimination of structural violence causing poverty, inequality and exclusion. However, the notion of peace in Chapter VII of the UN Charter seems to refer to a narrower understanding of peace, i.e. the conception of ... Dec 28, 2017 · The family of joint concepts plays a central role in the capabilities-based methodology for Joint Force development. This concept paper focuses on the role of deterrence in achieving two of the Chairman's key strategic priorities: guiding Joint Force transformation and enhancing joint warfighting capabilities. The legal term peace, sometimes king's peace ( Latin pax regis) [1] or queen's peace, is the common-law concept of the maintenance of public order. [2] The concept of the king's peace originated in Anglo-Saxon law, where it initially applied the special protections accorded to the households of the English kings and their retainers. May 25, 2022 · The current African stature for peace is to strive for unity, self-determination, freedom, progress and collective prosperity pursued under Pan-Africanism and African Renaissance. 80 Successive African leaders worked hard to ensure they come up with an acceptable concept of peace, for the African people. From resistance fighters to lawyers and parliamentarians, the EU pioneers were a diverse group of people who held the same ideals: a peaceful, united and prosperous Europe. Beyond the pioneers described below, many others have worked tirelessly towards and inspired the European project. This section on the EU’s pioneers is therefore a work in ... Dec 28, 2017 · The family of joint concepts plays a central role in the capabilities-based methodology for Joint Force development. This concept paper focuses on the role of deterrence in achieving two of the Chairman's key strategic priorities: guiding Joint Force transformation and enhancing joint warfighting capabilities. Different dimensions of the concept of peace are expressed by three words in the Roman and Judaeo-Christian traditions. The Latin pax refers to a juridical concept, in which conflict is avoided, resolved or suppressed by a legitimate authority. In this concept peace is ensured by maintaining in good condition Apr 1, 2019 · Buddha introduced the concept of peace through inner discipline. His meditations told him that suffering came from desire for sensory pleasures. Therefore, he laid out an Eightfold Path to inner ... Feb 22, 2021 · Its evidence is: Peace is the dominant believer, and as Yahya bin Jaber narrated that Abu Bakr said: Peace is the security of God on earth. So the linguistic connotation of the word “Salam” is structured as follows: 1- Peace in the sense of peace. 2- Peace in the sense of negative or positive neutrality. 3- Peace means surrender and submission. The meaning of PEACE is a state of tranquility or quiet. How to use peace in a sentence. Sep 1, 2018 · Statistically, a prediction is an extrapolation from a model to potential observations. Whereas a model is specified via parameters over latent variables (such as weights in a linear regression), a prediction is specified in terms of observable data. Given our model, a prediction thus tells us what observations to expect. May 15, 2007 · His concept of the political is an odd one. It comes into being on a sliding scale, a political exemplar of Hegel's dictum that changes in quantity eventually become changes in quality. At some point, a dispute begins to enter the political. It can be a religious, a moral or an economic dispute. Jul 27, 2021 · The Expanded Maneuver concept was described by General John Hyten, the 11th Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in reporting by Defense One’s Tara Copp.The specifics of the wargame that ... Oct 25, 2021 · Footnote 25 This concept of peace includes, inter alia, respect for human rights protection, provision of social justice, and the elimination of structural violence causing poverty, inequality and exclusion. However, the notion of peace in Chapter VII of the UN Charter seems to refer to a narrower understanding of peace, i.e. the conception of ... The legal term peace, sometimes king's peace ( Latin pax regis) [1] or queen's peace, is the common-law concept of the maintenance of public order. [2] The concept of the king's peace originated in Anglo-Saxon law, where it initially applied the special protections accorded to the households of the English kings and their retainers. 3) strong business environment, 4) acceptance of the rights of others, 5) equitable distribution of resources, 6) free flow of information, 7) high levels of human capital and. 8) good relationships with neighbours. – Positive Peace provides a measurable framework to gauge a country’s capabilities to absorb, adapt and recover from shocks ... Apr 1, 2019 · Buddha introduced the concept of peace through inner discipline. His meditations told him that suffering came from desire for sensory pleasures. Therefore, he laid out an Eightfold Path to inner ... Pending the final text of the Directive, draft legislation on the status of victims is being prepared. This incorporates, on the one hand, the expanded concept of the victim and indirect victim, in accordance with article 24.1 of the Convention, and on the other hand, the enumeration of the victim's rights based on the characteristics of the offence, its seriousness and on prior assessment of ... Mar 14, 2022 · An extended definition essay is a writing assignment where you have to choose a concept and define it. To do this, you’ll need to provide an explanation of the concept (i.e., give its meaning), as well as examples of what the concept entails. This is also known as representing or exemplifying the concept through descriptions, examples, and ... Oct 10, 1998 · On 24 October 1648, the Treaty of Westphalia was signed, marking the end of the Thirty Years' War. Richard Cavendish | Published in History Today Volume 48 Issue 10 October 1998. To continue reading this article you will need to purchase access to the online archive. Buy Online Access Buy Print & Archive Subscription. If you have already ... Peace of Westphalia, European settlements of 1648, which brought to an end the Eighty Years’ War between Spain and the Dutch and the German phase of the Thirty Years’ War. The peace was negotiated, from 1644, in the Westphalian towns of Münster and Osnabrück. The Spanish-Dutch treaty was signed on January 30, 1648. Jun 28, 2021 · Common Sense, written by Thomas Paine and first published in Philadelphia in January 1776, was in part a scathing polemic against the injustice of rule by a king. But its author also made an ... History of Europe - Renaissance, Reformation, Wars: The 16th century was a period of vigorous economic expansion. This expansion in turn played a major role in the many other transformations—social, political, and cultural—of the early modern age. By 1500 the population in most areas of Europe was increasing after two centuries of decline or stagnation. The bonds of commerce within Europe ... Feb 16, 2022 · Feb 16, 2022. Peace is a concept of societal friendship and harmony in the absence of hostility and violence. In a social sense, peace is commonly used to mean a lack of conflict (such as war) and freedom from fear of violence between individuals or groups. W ithout negotiation, no definition will do peace justice. The Commission, guided by Eleanor Roosevelt’s forceful leadership, captured the world’s attention. On December 10, 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the 56 members of the United Nations. The vote was unanimous, although eight nations chose to abstain. The UDHR, commonly referred to as the international ... History of Europe - Renaissance, Reformation, Wars: The 16th century was a period of vigorous economic expansion. This expansion in turn played a major role in the many other transformations—social, political, and cultural—of the early modern age. By 1500 the population in most areas of Europe was increasing after two centuries of decline or stagnation. The bonds of commerce within Europe ... Apr 1, 2019 · Buddha introduced the concept of peace through inner discipline. His meditations told him that suffering came from desire for sensory pleasures. Therefore, he laid out an Eightfold Path to inner ... Abstain from stealing. Abstain from sexual misconduct. Abstain from wrong speech. Abstain from the use of intoxicating substances that cause inattention. These precepts are nothing other than the path-factors Right Action, Right Speech and Right Livelihood that the Buddha taught in the Eightfold Path. Pax Romana. The Pax Romana ( Latin for "Roman peace") is a roughly 200-year-long timespan of Roman history which is identified as a period and golden age of increased and sustained Roman imperialism, relative peace and order, prosperous stability, hegemonial power, and regional expansion. This is despite several revolts and wars, and continuing ... In order to determine which is the appropriate approach to building peace, one must understand who acts on each level, and what actions are best taken at each level. The levels are: 1) the top elite, 2) the middle-range, and 3) the grassroots . [2] Thinking of peacebuilding in terms of a pyramid provides a simple way to describe the numbers of ... The Meaning of Peace. In English, the word "peace" conjures up a passive picture, one showing an absence of civil disturbance or hostilities, or a personality free from internal and external strife. The biblical concept of peace is larger than that and rests heavily on the Hebrew root slm, which means "to be complete" or "to be sound." Nov 15, 2019 · Basic Concepts and Theories in International Peacekeeping: An Anal ytic Review. 62 Austral: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations. v.8, n.16, Jul./Dec. 2019. lamy and Paul, D. W ... The Meaning of Peace. In English, the word "peace" conjures up a passive picture, one showing an absence of civil disturbance or hostilities, or a personality free from internal and external strife. The biblical concept of peace is larger than that and rests heavily on the Hebrew root slm, which means "to be complete" or "to be sound." History of Europe - Renaissance, Reformation, Wars: The 16th century was a period of vigorous economic expansion. This expansion in turn played a major role in the many other transformations—social, political, and cultural—of the early modern age. By 1500 the population in most areas of Europe was increasing after two centuries of decline or stagnation. The bonds of commerce within Europe ... Consistent with these approaches, Reardon (1988) places global justice as the central concept of positive peace and asserts that “justice, in the sense of the full enjoyment of the entire range of human rights by all people, is what constitutes positive peace” (p.26). A second urbanisation took place, which came with the rise of new ascetic movements and religious concepts, including the rise of Jainism and Buddhism. The latter was synthesised with the preexisting religious cultures of the subcontinent, giving rise to Hinduism. Indian cultural influence (Greater India) Timeline of Indian history Over the years the scope of the Culture of Peace expanded and became more relevant than ever. The concept now embraces a wide range of related issues and multiple resolutions are now adopted under ... See full list on verywellmind.com Peace of Westphalia, European settlements of 1648, which brought to an end the Eighty Years’ War between Spain and the Dutch and the German phase of the Thirty Years’ War. The peace was negotiated, from 1644, in the Westphalian towns of Münster and Osnabrück. The Spanish-Dutch treaty was signed on January 30, 1648. arms control. The concept of negative peace addresses immediate symptoms, the conditions of war, and the use and effects of force and weapons. Words and images that reveal the horror of war and its aftermath are often used by writers, artists, and citizen groups in their efforts to stop it. Table 01: Variation between negative and positive peace Abstain from stealing. Abstain from sexual misconduct. Abstain from wrong speech. Abstain from the use of intoxicating substances that cause inattention. These precepts are nothing other than the path-factors Right Action, Right Speech and Right Livelihood that the Buddha taught in the Eightfold Path. Dec 31, 2008 · Request PDF | Peace, Definitions And Concepts Of | "Peace" means many things to many people. Ranging from the mere "absence of war" to a condition of stable group cooperation to a feeling of ... A second urbanisation took place, which came with the rise of new ascetic movements and religious concepts, including the rise of Jainism and Buddhism. The latter was synthesised with the preexisting religious cultures of the subcontinent, giving rise to Hinduism. Indian cultural influence (Greater India) Timeline of Indian history Oct 25, 2021 · Footnote 25 This concept of peace includes, inter alia, respect for human rights protection, provision of social justice, and the elimination of structural violence causing poverty, inequality and exclusion. However, the notion of peace in Chapter VII of the UN Charter seems to refer to a narrower understanding of peace, i.e. the conception of ... Nov 10, 2022 · Ongoing and new violent conflicts around the world are derailing the global path to peace and achievement of Goal 16. Alarmingly, the year 2022 witnessed a more than 50 per cent increase in ... Abstain from stealing. Abstain from sexual misconduct. Abstain from wrong speech. Abstain from the use of intoxicating substances that cause inattention. These precepts are nothing other than the path-factors Right Action, Right Speech and Right Livelihood that the Buddha taught in the Eightfold Path. Jul 23, 2021 · Relational Concepts. The chapters in the first subsection engage with a range of relational concepts, outlining their relevance to positive peacebuilding. The first chapter by Reina Neufeldt explores the importance of developing our peacebuilding practices in light of an ethics of care that is rooted in a specific cultural context. Dec 31, 2008 · Request PDF | Peace, Definitions And Concepts Of | "Peace" means many things to many people. Ranging from the mere "absence of war" to a condition of stable group cooperation to a feeling of ... Oct 25, 2021 · Footnote 25 This concept of peace includes, inter alia, respect for human rights protection, provision of social justice, and the elimination of structural violence causing poverty, inequality and exclusion. However, the notion of peace in Chapter VII of the UN Charter seems to refer to a narrower understanding of peace, i.e. the conception of ... Nov 23, 2022 · In the concept note that frames the meeting, the hosts argue that the effects of climate change go beyond their impact on the outbreak and intensity of conflict. They point out that climate change introduces variables that influence the effectiveness of all peace efforts, including the prevention of conflict, peacekeeping, peacebuilding, and ... Statue of Eirene, goddess of peace in ancient Greek religion, with the infant Plutus. Peace means societal friendship and harmony in the absence of hostility and violence. In a social sense, peace is commonly used to mean a lack of conflict (such as war) and freedom from fear of violence between individuals or groups. The Commission, guided by Eleanor Roosevelt’s forceful leadership, captured the world’s attention. On December 10, 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the 56 members of the United Nations. The vote was unanimous, although eight nations chose to abstain. The UDHR, commonly referred to as the international ... Jun 28, 2021 · Common Sense, written by Thomas Paine and first published in Philadelphia in January 1776, was in part a scathing polemic against the injustice of rule by a king. But its author also made an ... (17) Though the concept of phase, known also as focus, is a very helpful notion, its empirical foundation is yet very weak. (18) The lack of TBM prior to germinal center development and their absence in aged mice are inconsistent with the concept that TBM are required for the induction of the germinal center reaction. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Key Concept 7.1: Growth expanded opportunity, while economic instability led to new efforts to reform U.S. society and its economic system., I. The United States continued its transition from a rural, agricultural economy to an urban, industrial economy led by large companies., A) New technologies and manufacturing techniques ... Different dimensions of the concept of peace are expressed by three words in the Roman and Judaeo-Christian traditions. The Latin pax refers to a juridical concept, in which conflict is avoided, resolved or suppressed by a legitimate authority. In this concept peace is ensured by maintaining in good condition Different dimensions of the concept of peace are expressed by three words in the Roman and Judaeo-Christian traditions. The Latin pax refers to a juridical concept, in which conflict is avoided, resolved or suppressed by a legitimate authority. In this concept peace is ensured by maintaining in good condition Sep 1, 2023 · perception, in humans, the process whereby sensory stimulation is translated into organized experience. That experience, or percept, is the joint product of the stimulation and of the process itself. Relations found between various types of stimulation (e.g., light waves and sound waves) and their associated percepts suggest inferences that can ... Jul 31, 2021 · The Bottom Line. Saving money is incredibly important. It gives you peace of mind, expands your options for decisions that have a major effect on your quality of life, and eventually gives you the ... Mar 14, 2022 · An extended definition essay is a writing assignment where you have to choose a concept and define it. To do this, you’ll need to provide an explanation of the concept (i.e., give its meaning), as well as examples of what the concept entails. This is also known as representing or exemplifying the concept through descriptions, examples, and ... The approach taken to this in the present article is to see the concept of peace in the light of the social cosmology of various civilizations, roughly spanning the classical Occident-Orient spectrum. Methodologically, the terms explored are those that usually are translated, however superficially, into 'peace' in English — and that leads to ... A second urbanisation took place, which came with the rise of new ascetic movements and religious concepts, including the rise of Jainism and Buddhism. The latter was synthesised with the preexisting religious cultures of the subcontinent, giving rise to Hinduism. Indian cultural influence (Greater India) Timeline of Indian history 3) strong business environment, 4) acceptance of the rights of others, 5) equitable distribution of resources, 6) free flow of information, 7) high levels of human capital and. 8) good relationships with neighbours. – Positive Peace provides a measurable framework to gauge a country’s capabilities to absorb, adapt and recover from shocks ... The UN’s peacekeeping, peacemaking, and peace-building activities have suffered from serious logistical and financial difficulties. As more missions are undertaken, the costs and controversies associated with them have multiplied dramatically. Although the UN reimburses countries for the use of equipment, these payments have been limited ... The Meaning of Peace. In English, the word "peace" conjures up a passive picture, one showing an absence of civil disturbance or hostilities, or a personality free from internal and external strife. The biblical concept of peace is larger than that and rests heavily on the Hebrew root slm, which means "to be complete" or "to be sound." The title is not an exaggeration. The concepts I learned has clarified many events that have happened in my life that affected me heavily, such as death in my family, loss of social support, partner abuse, emotional neglect, and PTSD. I took two steps forward, two step back for years. Dec 28, 2017 · The family of joint concepts plays a central role in the capabilities-based methodology for Joint Force development. This concept paper focuses on the role of deterrence in achieving two of the Chairman's key strategic priorities: guiding Joint Force transformation and enhancing joint warfighting capabilities. In order to determine which is the appropriate approach to building peace, one must understand who acts on each level, and what actions are best taken at each level. The levels are: 1) the top elite, 2) the middle-range, and 3) the grassroots . [2] Thinking of peacebuilding in terms of a pyramid provides a simple way to describe the numbers of ... The title is not an exaggeration. The concepts I learned has clarified many events that have happened in my life that affected me heavily, such as death in my family, loss of social support, partner abuse, emotional neglect, and PTSD. I took two steps forward, two step back for years. Pax Romana. The Pax Romana ( Latin for "Roman peace") is a roughly 200-year-long timespan of Roman history which is identified as a period and golden age of increased and sustained Roman imperialism, relative peace and order, prosperous stability, hegemonial power, and regional expansion. This is despite several revolts and wars, and continuing ... Jul 23, 2021 · Relational Concepts. The chapters in the first subsection engage with a range of relational concepts, outlining their relevance to positive peacebuilding. The first chapter by Reina Neufeldt explores the importance of developing our peacebuilding practices in light of an ethics of care that is rooted in a specific cultural context.
arms control. The concept of negative peace addresses immediate symptoms, the conditions of war, and the use and effects of force and weapons. Words and images that reveal the horror of war and its aftermath are often used by writers, artists, and citizen groups in their efforts to stop it. Table 01: Variation between negative and positive peace . Alpha s3 multikey
The two most significant institutions that influence children’s concept of love and hate are family and school. The constructive relationship among students can be enhanced by a co-operative learning environment, conflict resolution techniques, and dispute management cells in schools that would help them to live in a peaceful world [14]. It shows that the concept of peace employed in peace studies has been expanded both in peace value and peace sphere to include more than one peace value and peace sphere. The paper attempts to explore the concept of peace processes, theories of peace processes and further elaborate on the conditions necessary for peace. The meaning of PEACE is a state of tranquility or quiet. How to use peace in a sentence. concept of security was seen principally as an idea that led immediately to an intractable dilemma. Although it was useful to have this problem identified and labelled, the existence of the dilemma cut off interest in any further development of the concept. Arnold Wolfers' subsequent, and well-known, essay on the ambiguity of security as a ... A second urbanisation took place, which came with the rise of new ascetic movements and religious concepts, including the rise of Jainism and Buddhism. The latter was synthesised with the preexisting religious cultures of the subcontinent, giving rise to Hinduism. Indian cultural influence (Greater India) Timeline of Indian history arms control. The concept of negative peace addresses immediate symptoms, the conditions of war, and the use and effects of force and weapons. Words and images that reveal the horror of war and its aftermath are often used by writers, artists, and citizen groups in their efforts to stop it. Table 01: Variation between negative and positive peace Nov 27, 2014 · Abstract. Peace: A Very Short Introduction explores the evolution of peace in practice and in theory, exploring modern assumptions about peace and the different interpretations of its application. The concept of peace has always attracted radical thought, action, and practices. A term that has been taken to mean merely an absence of overt ... Nov 15, 2019 · Basic Concepts and Theories in International Peacekeeping: An Anal ytic Review. 62 Austral: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations. v.8, n.16, Jul./Dec. 2019. lamy and Paul, D. W ... Consistent with these approaches, Reardon (1988) places global justice as the central concept of positive peace and asserts that “justice, in the sense of the full enjoyment of the entire range of human rights by all people, is what constitutes positive peace” (p.26). The title is not an exaggeration. The concepts I learned has clarified many events that have happened in my life that affected me heavily, such as death in my family, loss of social support, partner abuse, emotional neglect, and PTSD. I took two steps forward, two step back for years. The Commission, guided by Eleanor Roosevelt’s forceful leadership, captured the world’s attention. On December 10, 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the 56 members of the United Nations. The vote was unanimous, although eight nations chose to abstain. The UDHR, commonly referred to as the international ... The UN’s peacekeeping, peacemaking, and peace-building activities have suffered from serious logistical and financial difficulties. As more missions are undertaken, the costs and controversies associated with them have multiplied dramatically. Although the UN reimburses countries for the use of equipment, these payments have been limited ... Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains two key concepts within it: The concept of 'needs', in particular, the essential needs of the world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and Pax Romana. The Pax Romana ( Latin for "Roman peace") is a roughly 200-year-long timespan of Roman history which is identified as a period and golden age of increased and sustained Roman imperialism, relative peace and order, prosperous stability, hegemonial power, and regional expansion. This is despite several revolts and wars, and continuing ... In order to determine which is the appropriate approach to building peace, one must understand who acts on each level, and what actions are best taken at each level. The levels are: 1) the top elite, 2) the middle-range, and 3) the grassroots . [2] Thinking of peacebuilding in terms of a pyramid provides a simple way to describe the numbers of ... .